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Pillar 2

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Context

In October 2021, nearly 140 countries taking part in the Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) of the OECD/G20 reached a historic agreement on a detailed plan for international tax reform based on two pillars:

  • Pillar One provides for a different distribution of taxable profits and taxation powers between countries for the largest and most profitable multinationals groups.
  • Pillar Two contains agreements on a global minimum level of taxation, thus ensuring that large multinational groups always pay at least 15% as effective tax rate on their profits.

Then, in December 2021, the Inclusive Framework on BEPS of the OECD/G20 approved the Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (“GloBE” rules) document (Pillar Two), which the Member States have undertaken to comply with. This model of rules designed to fight against the base erosion at global level should ensure that multinational enterprises (MNEs) with annual consolidated revenue threshold of at least 750 million Euro are liable to an effective tax rate of at least 15% on their profits at jurisdictional level.

To ensure that Pillar Two rules are transposed into national law in the same way across the EU (creating a level playing field) and to avoid any conflict with EU law, the EU issued the Council Directive (EU) 2022/2523 of 14 December 2022on ensuring a global minimum level of taxation for multinational enterprise groups and large-scale domestic groups in the Union. This directive allowed to extend the scope of Pillar Two to large-scale domestic groups.

The directive was transposed into national legislation with the Law of 19 December 2023 on the introduction of a minimum tax for multinational enterprise groups and large-scale domestic groups (Belgian Official Journal of 28.12.2023). This law introduced a minimum tax in Belgium.

Pursuant to the law of 19 December 2023, will be liable to the 15% minimum tax rate: multinational enterprise groups (MNE groups) and large-scale domestic groups with revenue threshold of at least 750 million Euro during at least two of the four tax years preceding the tax year under review. The 15% minimum tax rate is achieved through three various taxation measures: the qualified domestic top-up tax, the IIR top-up tax and the top-up tax for the undertaxed profit rule (UTPR).

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